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What causes Geleophysic dysplasia?
Research is ongoing to determine the cause.
How is Geleophysic dysplasia inherited?
Geleophysic dysplasia is an autosomal recessive disease this means that both parents must carry the same affected gene and each pass this same affected gene to their child.
People probably carry from 5 to 10 genes with mutations in each of their cells. Problems happen when the particular gene is dominant or when a mutation is present in both copies of a recessive gene pair. Genes are the unique set of instructions inside our bodies that make each of us an individual. They are the blueprint for our growth and development, as well as controlling how our bodies function. Genes are carried on structures called chromosomes and it is usual to have 23 pairs. A child will inherit half of the chromosomes from the mother and the other half from the father resulting in 23 pairs. 22 of these pairs look the same in both males and females. Pair 23 are the sex chromosomes, and this is the pair that differ between females and males. The X chromosome is inherited from the mother and the Y chromosome is inherited from the father. More information about inheritance is available here.
For each pregnancy the chances of a baby inheriting geleophysic dysplasia are completely independent of whether a previous child was affected with geleophysic dysplasia. With each pregnancy there is a 1 in 4 chance that the baby will be affected by geleophysic dysplasia.
All parents of children with geleophysic dysplasia can benefit from genetic counselling, the counsellor can provide advice on the risk to close relatives and to suggest whether the wider family should be informed. To find out during a pregnancy, if the baby is affected by geleophysic dysplasia, screening tests can be arranged early on during a pregnancy for those families who already have a child with geleophysic dysplasia. Where only one parent is a carrier, they can opt for carrier screening but it is not 100% reliable or accurate and is not possible in all cases. Amniocentesis and chorionic villus sampling are both available during the pregnancy to find out if the baby is affected by geleophysic dysplasia.
How common is Geleophysic dysplasia?
It is estimated that nearly 6% of the UK population (around 3.5million people) will be affected by a rare disease at some point in their lives. A single rare disease may affect up to about 30,000 people however the vast majority of rare diseases affect far fewer than this.
Fewer than 30 cases of geleophysic dysplasia have been reported.
How are people with Geleophysic dysplasia affected
Children with geleophysic dysplasia have distinctive facial features. Often a shortened nose, full cheeks and abnormally large distance between the eyes. A common feature is a long flat philtrum, this is the vertical groove between the base of the nose and the border of the upper lip, the upper lip is thin. Overall children with geleophysic dysplasia are short in stature and have short hands and feet. The skin is thickened as are the heart valves, which often lead to an early death. Breathing is complicated by a narrowed windpipe. The liver is enlarged which can further add strain to breathing by restricting the lugs to really expand for taking big breathes. Contractions of leg muscles and Achilles tendon lead to tip toe walking with overall progressive joint limitation and shortening of the muscles. The brain remains unaffected and intellectual ability is normal. Major issues are likely to be present in the first year of life and it is likely that heart and lung involvement can result in death before the age 5.
Treatment options for people with Geleophysic dysplasia
At present there is treatment for symptoms as they arise, but no cure for the underlying disease. More information on supportive care treatments for people with MPS and related diseases can be found in the treatments section.
Research & Clinical trials for people with Geleophysic dysplasia
For an up-to-date list of current UK based trials taking place visit Be Part of Research (resource provided by the National Institute for Health Research). For an international search visit Clinical Trials (resource provided by the U.S. National Library of Medicine). This resource provides information on trial status including recruiting, completed or withdrawn and worldwide trial locations. To find out more about past or current trials speak to your doctor and learn about the risks and potential benefits.
Living with Geleophysic dysplasia
The MPS Society is the only UK charity at the forefront of supporting people and families affected by MPS and related diseases. Our extensive support services offers you a wide range of support and resources. The team can advise and sign post you to adequate needs-led support and services in your local area as well as social care, home adaptions, education and much more. The support team can visit you in your home and provide you with vital support and includes an Advocacy Officer based at Belfast City Hospital supporting members in Northern Ireland.
Get involved and support us in the community, volunteer or support fundraising; we are a small charity but with your support we can continue to offer a highly valued and essential service.
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